By Dr. Christopher Palmer
For many young athletes, school sports are a year-round commitment. Whether they’re juggling multiple sports or aiming for college athletics, the drive to train often extends far beyond a single season. As more students engage in competitive sports each year, we’re seeing a corresponding rise in overuse injuries.
An overuse injury occurs when repeated, excessive stress is placed on a specific body part. Unlike sudden traumatic events, these conditions develop gradually from repetitive movements or overtraining. It leads to inflammation, muscle strain or tissue damage over time. Some of the most common overuse injuries are shin splints, tendonitis and stress fractures.
These injuries can arise from a combination of factors. Overtraining is a common culprit, but issues often stem from inadequate training preparation and recovery. Although sports involving highly repetitive movements, like swimming or soccer, often are linked to overuse injuries, poor technique can be a greater cause than the repetition itself. Previous injuries and inappropriate equipment or shoes also are significant contributors.
SYMPTOMS, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
Overuse injuries typically present with pain, stiffness and reduced range of motion, often accompanied by swelling and redness. Many can be diagnosed through a physical exam, but some may require imaging for a definitive diagnosis. Treatment usually begins with rest, ice, compression and elevation (RICE), along with physical therapy. If the injury does not resolve with conservative treatment, surgery may be required.
OVERUSE INJURY PREVENTION
These types of injuries often can be prevented with early intervention. It starts with a preseason physical, where a trained physician can fully assess your young athlete.
To reduce the risk of overuse injuries, follow these prevention tips:
- Avoid overtraining or playing too many sports at the same time.
- Warm up and stretch before training or a game.
- Crosstrain or change sports during the year to avoid repetitive movements.
- Use proper techniques on the field and in the weight room.
- Ensure adequate hydration, nutrition and rest.
- Do not push through pain.
If your child or teen is experiencing pain or swelling, seeing a sports-medicine specialist is imperative. These providers offer effective and comprehensive care, helping patients overcome injuries safely to accomplish their sporting goals.
Dr. Christopher Palmer is an orthopedic surgeon and sports medicine physician at Ochsner Health Center Shepherd Square. Contact him at (228) 220-5200 or visit ochsner.org to learn more.