Atrial fibrillation, or AFib, is one of the most common types of arrhythmia (improper beating of the heart), affecting millions of people worldwide. Even more alarming, AFib is under-diagnosed in women, possibly due to the perception that it is primarily a male condition. In some instances, women may present with atypical symptoms, which can complicate diagnosis. Recent studies also indicate that cases of AFib are rising. Memorial cardiologists Dr. Shwan Jalal and Dr. Umair Malik offer their expert insights about this condition, its warning signs and treatment options
RISK FACTORS IN WOMEN
Women tend to have a lower incidence of AFib but are at a higher risk for stroke and heart failure when they develop the condition. Additionally, women may experience different patterns of heart rhythm irregularity, which may lead to more pronounced symptoms or complications.
Women may face unique risk factors for AFib, such as hormonal changes associated with menopause, pregnancy and conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome. Other factors include higher rates of hypertension in postmenopausal women.
SYMPTOMS
While both men and women may experience typical symptoms, such as palpitations, fatigue or shortness of breath, women also may report atypical symptoms like anxiety or fatigue without clear triggers.
Women also may tend to develop more persistent or progressive forms of AFib. Subtle symptoms that may be overlooked include:
- Mild fatigue
- Slight shortness of breath during activities that previously were manageable
- Occasional lightheadedness
AFIB AND STROKE RISK
AFib significantly increases the risk of stroke due to the potential for blood clots to form in the heart’s top left chamber. Patients should be aware of risk factors and preventive measures, including the potential use of anticoagulants (blood thinners) or the WATCHMAN procedure, lifestyle modifications and regular check-ups to manage associated risk factors. Treatment plans can differ for women based on their specific health concerns, response to medications and the presence of comorbidities.
LIFESTYLE CHANGES AND PREVENTION
Lifestyle changes can be crucial in managing and preventing AFib. Key recommendations include:
- Maintaining a healthy weight
- Engaging in regular physical activity
- Reducing alcohol and caffeine consumption
- Managing stress
- Following a heart-healthy diet
Women at risk of AFib, even if asymptomatic, should prioritize regular cardiovascular evaluations. Take control of your health; ask about risk factors and discuss AFib screening with your healthcare providers during your next visit.
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